Kaitan "16 Tenses" dalam "Genre Based Texts"

Berikut adalah kaitan penggunaan 16 tenses Bahasa Inggris dalam berbagai genre teks (text genres). Ini sangat berguna dalam pengajaran Bahasa Inggris berbasis teks seperti yang diterapkan dalam Kurikulum Merdeka atau Genre-Based Approach (GBA).

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🔵 1. Simple Present Tense

• Genre: Descriptive, Report, Explanation, Procedure

• Fungsi: Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kondisi umum.

• Contoh:

  • Dalam teks descriptive: “The sun rises in the east.”

  • Dalam teks procedure: “Boil the water.”

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🔵 2. Present Continuous Tense

• Genre: Recount (informal), Narrative (contemporary), Diary

• Fungsi: Menyatakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung.

• Contoh: “I am writing this letter to tell you about my holiday.”

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🔵 3. Present Perfect Tense

• Genre: Recount (personal experience), News Item

• Fungsi: Menyatakan pengalaman yang relevan dengan masa kini atau akibat dari aksi masa lalu.

• Contoh: “She has visited Bali three times.”

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🔵 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Genre: Personal Recount, Diary Entry, Informal Letter

• Fungsi: Menekankan durasi aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut.

• Contoh: “I have been studying for hours.”

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🔵 5. Simple Past Tense

• Genre: Recount, Narrative, Biography

• Fungsi: Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.

• Contoh: “He visited his grandmother last weekend.”

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🔵 6. Past Continuous Tense

• Genre: Narrative, Recount

• Fungsi: Menunjukkan aksi yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu, sering digabung dengan aksi lain.

• Contoh: “While I was sleeping, someone knocked on the door.”

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🔵 7. Past Perfect Tense

• Genre: Narrative, Historical Recount

• Fungsi: Menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi sebelum aksi lain di masa lalu.

• Contoh: “She had left before I arrived.”

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🔵 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Genre: Recount, Biography

• Fungsi: Menyatakan aksi berkelanjutan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

• Contoh: “He had been working all day before he collapsed.”

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🔵 9. Simple Future Tense (will/shall)

• Genre: Discussion, Explanation (prediction), Advertisement

• Fungsi: Menyatakan kejadian atau keputusan di masa depan.

• Contoh: “The weather will be sunny tomorrow.”

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🔵 10. Future Continuous Tense

• Genre: Narrative (future), Diary, Informal Letter

• Fungsi: Menunjukkan aksi yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.

• Contoh: “This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Japan.”

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🔵 11. Future Perfect Tense

• Genre: Discussion, Explanation, Analytical Exposition

• Fungsi: Aksi yang selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

• Contoh: “By next year, I will have graduated.”

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🔵 12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

• Genre: Discussion (advanced), Reflective Essay

• Fungsi: Menunjukkan durasi aksi sampai waktu tertentu di masa depan.

• Contoh: “By July, she will have been working here for five years.”

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🔵 13. Zero Conditional (Present + Present)

• Genre: Explanation, Report, Procedure

• Fungsi: Fakta ilmiah atau hukum sebab-akibat.

• Contoh: “If you heat ice, it melts.”

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🔵 14. First Conditional (Present + will)

• Genre: Discussion, Argumentative

• Fungsi: Kemungkinan nyata di masa depan.

• Contoh: “If it rains, we will cancel the trip.”

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🔵 15. Second Conditional (Past + would)

• Genre: Narrative, Fantasy, Argumentative (hypothetical situations)

• Fungsi: Pengandaian yang tidak nyata di masa sekarang.

• Contoh: “If I were a bird, I would fly to you.”

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🔵 16. Third Conditional (Past Perfect + would have)

• Genre: Reflective Recount, Personal Letter, Diary

• Fungsi: Penyesalan atau pengandaian di masa lalu.

• Contoh: “If I had studied harder, I would have passed.”

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🔚 Kesimpulan:

Tense	Genre Umum
Simple Present	Descriptive, Report, Procedure, Explanation
Present Continuous	Diary, Narrative, Recount
Present Perfect	News Item, Personal Recount
Present Perfect Continuous	Diary, Informal Letter
Simple Past	Recount, Narrative, Biography
Past Continuous	Narrative, Recount
Past Perfect	Historical Recount, Narrative
Past Perfect Continuous	Biography, Recount
Simple Future	Explanation, Discussion, Advertisement
Future Continuous	Narrative, Diary
Future Perfect	Exposition, Discussion
Future Perfect Continuous	Analytical Essay, Argumentative
Zero Conditional	Explanation, Scientific Report
First Conditional	Argumentative, Discussion
Second Conditional	Narrative, Fantasy, Hypothetical Essays
Third Conditional	Diary, Reflective Recount