16-Past Continuous

 

Past Continuous Tense

Pengertian

Past Continuous Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Sebuah kejadian atau aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau

2. Kejadian yang sedang terjadi ketika kejadian lain datang atau mengganggu

3. Dua kegiatan yang berlangsung bersamaan di masa lampau

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Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat

✅ Kalimat Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja)

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + was/were + Verb-ing	She was reading a book at 8 PM.
(-) Negatif	Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing	They were not (weren’t) playing football.
(?) Interogatif	Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?	Was he watching TV last night?
(?) WH-Question	WH + was/were + Subject + Verb-ing?	What were you doing at 7 PM?

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Penggunaan / Fungsi Past Continuous Tense

1. Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu

   I was studying at 9 PM last night.
   They were sleeping when I arrived.

2. Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian lain terjadi (diganggu oleh Past Simple)

   I was watching TV when the phone rang.
   She was cooking when he came home.

3. Menyatakan dua kejadian yang berlangsung bersamaan di masa lalu

   While I was studying, my brother was playing games.
   They were talking while we were working.

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Penggunaan "Was" dan "Were"

• Gunakan was untuk: I, He, She, It

• Gunakan were untuk: You, We, They

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Keterangan Waktu Umum

• At 7 o’clock

• At this time yesterday

• When you called

• While I was sleeping

• All night long

• Last night at 10 PM

• During the meeting

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Contoh Kalimat Past Continuous Tense

➕ Positif:

• I was writing a letter at 9 AM.

• They were studying all night.

➖ Negatif:

• She wasn’t listening to the teacher.

• We weren’t working yesterday afternoon.

❓ Tanya:

• Were you watching TV at 10 PM?
  → Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

• Was it raining when you left?
  → Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

❓ WH-Question:

• What were you doing at 6 o’clock?
  → I was doing my homework.

• Why was she crying?
  → Because she lost her book.

16-Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Pengertian

Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Suatu tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang, atau

2. Suatu tindakan yang baru saja selesai, tetapi hasilnya masih terasa sekarang.

Fokusnya adalah pada durasi atau lamanya kegiatan, bukan hanya hasilnya.

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Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat

✅ Kalimat Verbal (karena selalu ada kata kerja utama)

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing	She has been studying for 3 hours.
(-) Negatif	Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing	They haven’t been working lately.
(?) Interogatif	Has/Have + Subject + been + Verb-ing?	Have you been reading this book?
(?) WH-Question	WH + has/have + Subject + been + Verb-ing?	What have you been doing?

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Penggunaan / Fungsi Present Perfect Continuous

1. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang

   I have been reading this book since morning.
   They have been waiting for you for an hour.

2. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang baru saja berhenti, tetapi masih terasa dampaknya sekarang

   She has been crying (matanya masih merah).
   I have been running (saya kelelahan sekarang).

3. Untuk menekankan durasi suatu kegiatan

   We have been living here for 10 years.
   He has been working at that company since 2015.

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Keterangan Waktu (Time Expressions)

Umumnya digunakan bersama:

• Since → sejak (titik waktu)

  I have been studying since 8 AM.

• For → selama (durasi waktu)

  They have been waiting for 30 minutes.

• Lately / Recently → akhir-akhir ini

  She has been feeling tired lately.

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Perbandingan Singkat dengan Present Perfect Tense

Tense	Fokus	Contoh
Present Perfect	Hasil / dampak	I have cleaned the room. (lihat hasilnya: bersih)
Present Perfect Continuous	Proses / durasi	I have been cleaning the room. (masih dalam proses / baru selesai)

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Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Continuous Tense

➕ Positif:

• I have been working all day.

• She has been learning English for 2 years.

➖ Negatif:

• I haven’t been sleeping well.

• He hasn’t been coming to class recently.

❓ Tanya:

• Have you been studying for the test?
  → Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

• Has it been raining all day?
  → Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

16-Present Perfect Tense

 

Present Perfect Tense

Pengertian

Present Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lalu, tetapi waktu kejadiannya tidak disebutkan secara spesifik, atau
   
   

2. Kejadian yang sudah selesai, tetapi masih berhubungan atau berdampak pada masa sekarang.
   
   

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Ciri-ciri Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

• Menggunakan auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu) has/have
  
  

• Diikuti oleh past participle (Verb 3)
  
  

Has digunakan untuk: He, She, It
Have digunakan untuk: I, You, We, They

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Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

✅ Kalimat Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja)

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + has/have + Verb 3 + Object	She has written a letter.
(-) Negatif	Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3 + Object	They have not (haven't) finished the homework.
(?) Interogatif	Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?	Have you eaten breakfast?
(?) WH-Question	WH + has/have + Subject + Verb 3?	What have you done?

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Penggunaan / Fungsi Present Perfect Tense

1. Menyatakan kejadian yang baru saja terjadi
   
   
   I have just finished my homework.
   She has just arrived.
   
   
   

2. Menyatakan pengalaman (tidak menyebutkan waktu spesifik)
   
   
   I have visited Bali.
   He has tried sushi before.
   
   
   

3. Menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu yang masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang
   
   
   We have lived here since 2010.
   He has worked in this company for five years.
   
   
   

4. Menyatakan kejadian berulang hingga sekarang
   
   
   They have visited us many times.
   
   
   

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Keterangan Waktu (Time Expressions) yang Umum Digunakan

• Just → baru saja
  
  
  She has just gone out.
  
  
  

• Already → sudah
  
  
  I have already eaten.
  
  
  

• Yet → belum (untuk kalimat negatif dan tanya)
  
  
  Have you finished yet?
  I haven’t finished yet.
  
  
  

• Ever → pernah (untuk pertanyaan pengalaman)
  
  
  Have you ever been to Japan?
  
  
  

• Never → tidak pernah
  
  
  I have never seen snow.
  
  
  

• Since → sejak (diikuti titik waktu: since 2015, since Monday)
  
  
  He has worked here since 2020.
  
  
  

• For → selama (diikuti durasi waktu: for 2 years, for a long time)
  
  
  They have studied English for five years.
  
  
  

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Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

➕ Positif:

• I have eaten lunch.
  
  

• She has finished her homework.
  
  

• They have visited Paris three times.
  
  

➖ Negatif:

• I haven’t seen that movie.
  
  

• He hasn’t called me today.
  
  

• We haven’t done the task yet.
  
  

❓ Tanya:

• Have you ever tried sushi?
  → Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
  
  

• Has she been to Bali?
  → Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.