16-Present Perfect Tense

 

Present Perfect Tense

Pengertian

Present Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lalu, tetapi waktu kejadiannya tidak disebutkan secara spesifik, atau
   
   

2. Kejadian yang sudah selesai, tetapi masih berhubungan atau berdampak pada masa sekarang.
   
   

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Ciri-ciri Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

• Menggunakan auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu) has/have
  
  

• Diikuti oleh past participle (Verb 3)
  
  

Has digunakan untuk: He, She, It
Have digunakan untuk: I, You, We, They

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Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

✅ Kalimat Verbal (menggunakan kata kerja)

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + has/have + Verb 3 + Object	She has written a letter.
(-) Negatif	Subject + has/have + not + Verb 3 + Object	They have not (haven't) finished the homework.
(?) Interogatif	Has/Have + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?	Have you eaten breakfast?
(?) WH-Question	WH + has/have + Subject + Verb 3?	What have you done?

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Penggunaan / Fungsi Present Perfect Tense

1. Menyatakan kejadian yang baru saja terjadi
   
   
   I have just finished my homework.
   She has just arrived.
   
   
   

2. Menyatakan pengalaman (tidak menyebutkan waktu spesifik)
   
   
   I have visited Bali.
   He has tried sushi before.
   
   
   

3. Menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu yang masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang
   
   
   We have lived here since 2010.
   He has worked in this company for five years.
   
   
   

4. Menyatakan kejadian berulang hingga sekarang
   
   
   They have visited us many times.
   
   
   

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Keterangan Waktu (Time Expressions) yang Umum Digunakan

• Just → baru saja
  
  
  She has just gone out.
  
  
  

• Already → sudah
  
  
  I have already eaten.
  
  
  

• Yet → belum (untuk kalimat negatif dan tanya)
  
  
  Have you finished yet?
  I haven’t finished yet.
  
  
  

• Ever → pernah (untuk pertanyaan pengalaman)
  
  
  Have you ever been to Japan?
  
  
  

• Never → tidak pernah
  
  
  I have never seen snow.
  
  
  

• Since → sejak (diikuti titik waktu: since 2015, since Monday)
  
  
  He has worked here since 2020.
  
  
  

• For → selama (diikuti durasi waktu: for 2 years, for a long time)
  
  
  They have studied English for five years.
  
  
  

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Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

➕ Positif:

• I have eaten lunch.
  
  

• She has finished her homework.
  
  

• They have visited Paris three times.
  
  

➖ Negatif:

• I haven’t seen that movie.
  
  

• He hasn’t called me today.
  
  

• We haven’t done the task yet.
  
  

❓ Tanya:

• Have you ever tried sushi?
  → Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
  
  

• Has she been to Bali?
  → Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.