16-Past Perfect Tense

✅ Past Perfect Tense

(Bentuk Lampau Sempurna)

📌 Pengertian

Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sama-sama terjadi di masa lalu, di mana:

• Satu kejadian terjadi lebih dulu (pakai Past Perfect)

• Satu lagi terjadi setelahnya (pakai Past Simple)

🧠 Ingat: Had + Verb 3
Contoh: I had eaten before she came.

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🎯 Fungsi Past Perfect Tense

1. Menjelaskan kejadian yang selesai lebih dulu sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu:

   I had left when she arrived.

2. Menyatakan kejadian masa lampau dalam jangka waktu tertentu:

   He had studied English for 3 years before moving to Japan.

3. Bisa menggantikan Simple Past Tense dalam kalimat dengan before dan after, meskipun tidak wajib jika waktunya sudah jelas.

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🧠 Struktur Kalimat Past Perfect

🔹 Kalimat Verbal (dengan kata kerja)

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + had + Verb 3	I had eaten before you arrived.
(-) Negatif	Subject + had not + Verb 3	I had not eaten before you arrived.
(?) Yes/No Question	Had + Subject + Verb 3?	Had you eaten before I came?
(?) WH-Question	WH + had + Subject + Verb 3?	What had you done before school?

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🔹 Kalimat Non-Verbal (tanpa kata kerja utama → pakai been)

Digunakan jika tidak ada aktivitas, hanya menjelaskan keadaan.

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
(+) Positif	Subject + had been + Complement	She had been tired all day.
(-) Negatif	Subject + had not been + Complement	She had not been at home.
(?) Yes/No Question	Had + Subject + been + Complement?	Had she been there?
(?) WH-Question	WH + had + Subject + been + Complement?	Where had she been before the party?

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📝 Contoh Kalimat Lengkap

✅ Verbal (dengan kata kerja)

• (+) My parents had eaten by the time I got home.

• (–) Sam had not left when we got there.

• (?) Had you lived there when your son was in junior high?

• (?) How long had you watched TV before I called?

✅ Non-Verbal (menggunakan ‘been’)

• (+) The sky had been clear after the storm disappeared.

• (–) She had not been there when I arrived.

• (?) Had she been here for 4 hours?

• (?) How long had you been in Anna’s house?

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💡 Perbandingan dengan Simple Past

Kadang Past Perfect bisa diganti Simple Past, jika urutan waktunya sudah jelas:

Past Perfect	Simple Past
Sam had left before we got there.	Sam left before we got there.

✅ Kedua kalimat di atas benar dan bermakna sama.
🔑 Tapi jika tidak ada keterangan waktu yang jelas, Past Perfect membantu memperjelas urutan peristiwa.

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🗂️ Ringkasan To Be dan Verb 3

Subject	Auxiliary	To Be 3	Contoh Verb 3
I, You, We, They, He, She, It	had	been	gone, eaten, seen, taken, studied